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- Tel: 858.663.9055
- Email: info@nsjbio.com
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Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) is a secreted epithelial peptide encoded by the TFF1 gene and a member of the trefoil factor family that functions in mucosal protection and epithelial repair within the gastrointestinal tract. The protein is most strongly expressed in mucus-secreting epithelial cells of the stomach, particularly within gastric foveolar epithelium, where it is synthesized and secreted into the mucin layer that protects the gastric mucosa. pS2 Antibody for IF (clone TFF1/2133) is designed for immunofluorescence microscopy to visualize Trefoil factor 1 protein localization in cultured cells and tissue sections. TFF1 antibody, also known as pS2 antibody or Trefoil factor 1 antibody in the literature, targets a protein widely studied as a marker of epithelial differentiation and hormone-regulated gene expression.
Immunofluorescence analysis provides a powerful method to examine the intracellular distribution of TFF1 within epithelial cells. In IF imaging experiments, TFF1 typically appears as cytoplasmic fluorescence corresponding to secretory vesicles and intracellular trafficking compartments involved in peptide secretion. Because TFF1 is synthesized within the endoplasmic reticulum and transported through the Golgi apparatus prior to secretion, immunofluorescence staining frequently reveals punctate or vesicle-associated cytoplasmic fluorescence patterns. These signals reflect the secretory pathway activity responsible for producing and exporting this trefoil family peptide.
Immunofluorescence microscopy is particularly useful for visualizing TFF1 expression in epithelial cell models and breast cancer cell lines. The protein was originally identified as the estrogen-regulated pS2 peptide in breast carcinoma cells, where its expression is associated with estrogen receptor signaling. In IF studies of breast cancer cells, TFF1 immunofluorescence typically appears as cytoplasmic fluorescence within tumor epithelial cells, consistent with its secretory protein biology. These fluorescence patterns allow researchers to examine hormone-regulated protein expression and epithelial differentiation at the single-cell level using fluorescence imaging approaches.
Multiplex immunofluorescence experiments further allow TFF1 staining to be analyzed alongside other cellular markers. Co-localization studies using IF microscopy can examine the relationship between TFF1-containing vesicles and intracellular organelles such as the Golgi apparatus or cytoskeletal structures involved in vesicular transport. Fluorescent labeling strategies also enable simultaneous visualization of TFF1 with nuclear counterstains or epithelial lineage markers, allowing detailed imaging of epithelial cell architecture and protein localization within individual cells.
pS2 Antibody for IF (clone TFF1/2133) supports immunofluorescence-based visualization of Trefoil factor 1 expression and intracellular localization in epithelial cells and tumor models. By revealing cytoplasmic fluorescence patterns associated with secretory vesicles and epithelial differentiation, this antibody provides a useful tool for fluorescence microscopy studies examining mucosal biology, hormone-responsive breast cancer pathways, and epithelial secretory processes.
The optimal dilution of the pS2 Antibody for IF for each application should be determined by the researcher.
1. The prediluted format is supplied in a dropper bottle and is optimized for use in IHC. After epitope retrieval step (if required), drip mAb solution onto the tissue section and incubate at RT for 30 min.
Recombinant human protein was used as the immunogen for this pS2 Antibody for IF.
Store the pS2 antibody at 2-8oC (with azide) or aliquot and store at -20oC or colder (without azide).
Trefoil factor 1, TFF1, Breast cancer associated protein pS2, Trefoil factor family peptide 1
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