PLAP Antibody Clone SPM593 / Placental Alkaline Phosphatase [clone SPM593] (V2515)

Description

Placental alkaline phosphatase is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane enzyme encoded by the ALPP gene and widely known as PLAP. The PLAP Antibody Clone SPM593 is a mouse monoclonal antibody developed to detect this trophoblast-associated alkaline phosphatase in tissue-based research applications. ALPP is located on chromosome 2q37 and belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family of homodimeric metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters under alkaline conditions.

Physiologically, PLAP is strongly expressed on the apical surface of syncytiotrophoblasts in placental tissue, where it contributes to membrane-associated enzymatic activity at the maternal-fetal interface. Because the enzyme is anchored to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage, immunohistochemical detection typically reveals crisp membranous staining in trophoblastic cells. Expression in most normal adult somatic tissues is limited, which supports its use as a lineage-associated marker in histologic evaluation.

In oncologic research, PLAP expression has been extensively studied in germ cell tumors, particularly seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, as well as in selected trophoblastic neoplasms. Strong membranous and occasional cytoplasmic staining patterns in tumor epithelial cells are characteristic findings in these malignancies. In contrast, most non-germ cell carcinomas demonstrate absent or minimal staining, reinforcing its value in tumor classification studies and differentiation panels.

Although PLAP shares structural similarity with other alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes such as tissue-nonspecific and intestinal alkaline phosphatases, its expression profile is more restricted and lineage-associated. Clone SPM593 is a mouse monoclonal antibody developed for detection of PLAP in tissue specimens, supporting research into trophoblastic biology, germ cell tumor characterization, and membrane-associated enzyme localization.

Application Notes

Optimal dilution of the SPM593 PLAP antibody should be determined by the researcher.

1. No special pretreatment is required for the immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed tissues.
2. The prediluted format is supplied in a dropper bottle and is optimized for use in IHC. After epitope retrieval step (if required), drip mAb solution onto the tissue section and incubate at RT for 30 min.

Immunogen

Recombinant full-length human ALPP/placental alkaline phosphatase protein was used as the immunogen for the PLAP antibody clone SPM593.

Storage

Store the PLAP antibody at 2-8oC (with azide) or aliquot and store at -20oC or colder (without azide).